Roman Numbers 1 to 100 (A Complete Guide to Roman Numerals from 1 to 100)

Roman Numbers 1 to 100 :- Roman numerals are a system of numerical notation that originated in ancient Rome. They were used throughout the Roman Empire in various aspects of life, including trade, timekeeping, and even in the names of monarchs and emperors. Today, we still use Roman numerals in various contexts, such as on clocks, book chapters, Super Bowl editions, and movie sequels.

In this blog post, we’ll take a deep dive into Roman numerals, focusing on how to write numbers from 1 to 100, understand their structure, and explore their historical significance.

What Are Roman Numerals?

Roman numerals are based on a set of seven symbols, each with a specific value. These symbols are:

  • I = 1
  • V = 5
  • X = 10
  • L = 50
  • C = 100

The key idea behind Roman numerals is that combinations of these symbols represent different values. Larger numbers are formed by adding, subtracting, and sometimes repeating these symbols.

Basic Rules of Roman Numerals:

  • Addition: When smaller numbers are placed after larger numbers, they are added. For example, VI is 5 + 1 = 6.
  • Subtraction: When a smaller number appears before a larger number, it is subtracted. For example, IV is 5 – 1 = 4.
  • Repetition: Some numerals can be repeated up to three times to indicate multiples of the same number. For example, III = 3 and XXX = 30.

The Structure of Roman Numerals

Roman numerals are read from left to right, and their values depend on their position relative to one another. The main rules for combining Roman numerals are:

  1. Addition: When a smaller numeral appears after a larger numeral, you add its value.
  • Example: VIII = 5 + 3 = 8
  • Example: XX = 10 + 10 = 20
  1. Subtraction: When a smaller numeral appears before a larger numeral, you subtract its value.
  • Example: IV = 5 – 1 = 4
  • Example: IX = 10 – 1 = 9
  1. Repetition: Roman numerals can repeat up to three times to indicate multiples of a number.
  • Example: III = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
  • Example: XXX = 10 + 10 + 10 = 30
  1. Placement Rules:
  • I can be placed before V (4), X (9).
  • X can be placed before L (40) and C (90).
  • C can be placed before D (400) and M (900).

Key Roman Numerals for Reference

To help you understand Roman numerals from 1 to 100, here’s a list of some key numerals:

  • 1 = I
  • 2 = II
  • 3 = III
  • 4 = IV
  • 5 = V
  • 6 = VI
  • 7 = VII
  • 8 = VIII
  • 9 = IX
  • 10 = X
  • 50 = L
  • 100 = C

Roman numerals or Roman Numbers are a numbering system that originated in ancient Rome. This numbering system uses Latin letters to symbolize numerical numbers. The principal or basic symbols of Roman numbers include:

I V X L C D M
1 5 10 50 100 500 1000
The correct Roman numerals 4, 9, 40, 90, 400 and 900 are as shown in the table below following the subtraction rules.
IV IX XL XC CD CM
4 9 40 90 400 900
For larger numbers (≥5,000), an overline is placed above the symbol, is called a vinculum. Which means that the Roman numeral is multiplied by 1000.
V X L C D M
5.000 10.000 50.000 100.000 500.000 1.000.000
Other thousand Roman numerals such as 4.000, 9.000, 40.000, 90.000, 400.000 and 900.000 can be seen in the table below.
IV IX XL XC CD CM
4.000 9.000 40.000 90.000 400.000 900.000
Roman Numbers Writing Rules
  • Roman numerals use a system of repetition, addition, subtraction and mixed combination.
  • Read the number from left to right.
Repetition rule
• Roman numbers are written side by side.
• The maximum number of times a Roman numeral can be repeated is three.
• The main Roman numbers that can be repeated are I, X, C, and M.
• V, L, and D cannot be repeated.Examples:
I = 1
II = 2
III = 3
X = 10
XX = 20
XXX = 30
C = 100
CC = 200
CCC = 300
M = 1000
MM = 2000
MMM = 3000
Addition rule
The addition rule applies when the base Roman numeral is followed (on its right) by an equal or smaller.Examples:
III = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
VII = 5 + 1 + 1 = 7
XIII = 10 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 13
XV = 10 + 5 = 15
LVI = 50 + 5 + 1 = 56
LXV = 50 + 10 + 5 = 65
MD = 1000 + 500 = 1500
CX = 100 + 10 = 110
CLXXVIII = 100 + 50 + 10 + 10 + 5 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 178
Subtraction rule
The Subtraction rule applies when the base Roman numeral is followed (on its right) by a larger number. The principle of subtraction is as follows.
• Each subtraction can only be performed once on the same number.
• V, L, and D CANNOT be used to subtract.
• I can only be used to subtract V and X.
• X can only be used to subtract L and C.
• C can only be used to subtract D and MExamples:
IV = (-1) + 5 = 4
IX = (-1) + 10 = 9
XL = (-10) + 50 = 40
XC = (-10) + 100 = 90
CD = (-100) + 500 = 400
CM = (-100) + 1000 = 900

Subtractive Rule of Roman Numerals

Write ✓ Instead of ✘ Value of №
IV IIII 4
IX VIIII 9
XL XXXX 40
XC LXXXX 90
CD CCCC 400
CM DCCCC 900
Mixed combination
Combination of the Three Rules of Roman Numbers.Examples:
XLVIII = XL + VIII = 40 + 8 = 48
XLIX = XL + IX = 40 + 9 = 49
XCIX = XC + IX = 90 + 9 = 99
CCCXCVIII = CCC + XC + VIII = 300 + 90 + 8 = 398
MCMXCIX = M + CM + XC + IX = 1000 + 900 + 90 + 9 = 1999
CDL = CD + L = 400 + 50 = 450
MMXLVIII = M + M + XL + VIII = 2048

How to Convert to Roman Numerals?

An easy way to convert numbers is to write the numbers from largest to smallest, from left to right.

Break into Thousands, Hundreds, Tens and Ones.
Convert 1111 to Roman Numerals.

Break 1111 into 1000, 100, 10 and 1. Then do each conversion using table below.

  • 1000 = M
  • 100 = C
  • 10 = X
  • 1 = I

1000 + 100 + 10 + 1 = M + C + X + I
So 1111 = MCXI

Roman 1111 Numerals

Thousands

Hundreds

Tens

Units

1000

M

100

C

10

X

1

I

2000

MM

200

CC

20

XX

2

II

3000

MMM

300

CCC

30

XXX

3

III

4000

I̅V̅

400

CD

40

XL

4

IV

5000

V̅

500

D

50

L

5

V

6000

V̅M

600

DC

60

LX

6

VI

7000

V̅MM

700

DCC

70

LXX

7

VII

8000

V̅MMM

800

DCCC

80

LXXX

8

VIII

9000

I̅X̅

900

CM

90

XC

9

IX

Solved examples:1. Convert 1992 to Roman numerals.

Solution:
Break 1992 into 1000, 900, 90 and 2.
• 1000 = M
• 900 = CM
• 90 = XC
• 2 = II
so, 1992 = M + CM + XC + II = MCMXCII

2. How to write roman numerals 35?

Solution:
Break 35 into tens and units
35 = 30 + 5
35 = XXX + V
35 = XXXV

3. What is MXXIX in roman numerals?

Solution:
M = 1000
XX = 20
IX = 9
So, MXXIX = 1029

 

Roman Numerals from 1 to 100 (Roman Numbers 1 to 100)

Now, let’s look at how the numbers from 1 to 100 are represented in Roman numerals. We’ll break it down by tens for easier reference.

Roman Numbers 1 to 10:

  • 1 = I
  • 2 = II
  • 3 = III
  • 4 = IV
  • 5 = V
  • 6 = VI
  • 7 = VII
  • 8 = VIII
  • 9 = IX
  • 10 = X

Roman Numbers 11 to 20:

  • 11 = XI
  • 12 = XII
  • 13 = XIII
  • 14 = XIV
  • 15 = XV
  • 16 = XVI
  • 17 = XVII
  • 18 = XVIII
  • 19 = XIX
  • 20 = XX

Roman Numbers 21 to 30:

  • 21 = XXI
  • 22 = XXII
  • 23 = XXIII
  • 24 = XXIV
  • 25 = XXV
  • 26 = XXVI
  • 27 = XXVII
  • 28 = XXVIII
  • 29 = XXIX
  • 30 = XXX

Roman Numbers 31 to 40:

  • 31 = XXXI
  • 32 = XXXII
  • 33 = XXXIII
  • 34 = XXXIV
  • 35 = XXXV
  • 36 = XXXVI
  • 37 = XXXVII
  • 38 = XXXVIII
  • 39 = XXXIX
  • 40 = XL

Roman Numbers 41 to 50:

  • 41 = XLI
  • 42 = XLII
  • 43 = XLIII
  • 44 = XLIV
  • 45 = XLV
  • 46 = XLVI
  • 47 = XLVII
  • 48 = XLVIII
  • 49 = XLIX
  • 50 = L

Roman Numbers 51 to 60:

  • 51 = LI
  • 52 = LII
  • 53 = LIII
  • 54 = LIV
  • 55 = LV
  • 56 = LVI
  • 57 = LVII
  • 58 = LVIII
  • 59 = LIX
  • 60 = LX

Roman Numbers 61 to 70:

  • 61 = LXI
  • 62 = LXII
  • 63 = LXIII
  • 64 = LXIV
  • 65 = LXV
  • 66 = LXVI
  • 67 = LXVII
  • 68 = LXVIII
  • 69 = LXIX
  • 70 = LXX

Roman Numbers 71 to 80:

  • 71 = LXXI
  • 72 = LXXII
  • 73 = LXXIII
  • 74 = LXXIV
  • 75 = LXXV
  • 76 = LXXVI
  • 77 = LXXVII
  • 78 = LXXVIII
  • 79 = LXXIX
  • 80 = LXXX

Roman Numbers 81 to 90:

  • 81 = LXXXI
  • 82 = LXXXII
  • 83 = LXXXIII
  • 84 = LXXXIV
  • 85 = LXXXV
  • 86 = LXXXVI
  • 87 = LXXXVII
  • 88 = LXXXVIII
  • 89 = LXXXIX
  • 90 = XC

Roman Numbers 91 to 100:

  • 91 = XCI
  • 92 = XCII
  • 93 = XCIII
  • 94 = XCIV
  • 95 = XCV
  • 96 = XCVI
  • 97 = XCVII
  • 98 = XCVIII
  • 99 = XCIX
  • 100 = C

Roman Numerals 1 to 10000

Number Roman Numeral
1 I
2 II
3 III
4 IV
5 V
6 VI
7 VII
8 VIII
9 IX
10 X
20 XX
30 XXX
40 XL
50 L
60 LX
70 LXX
80 LXXX
90 XC
100 C
199 CXC
200 CC
299 CCXC
300 CCC
399 CCCXC
400 CD
499 CDXC
500 D
599 DXC
600 DC
699 DCCCXC
700 DCC
799 DCCXC
800 DCCC
899 DCCCXC
999 CM
1000 M
1099 MXC
1100 MXI
2000 MM
2099 MMXC
3000 MMM
3099 MMMXC
4000 IV̅
4099 IV̅XC
5000 V̅
5099 V̅XC
6000 V̅M
6099 V̅MXC
7000 V̅MM
7099 V̅MMXC
8000 V̅MMM
8099 V̅MMMXC
9000 IX̅
9099 IX̅XC
10000 X̅

Why Are Roman Numerals Still Relevant Today?

Despite being a system that’s thousands of years old, Roman numerals are still commonly used in various aspects of modern life. Some of the places you might encounter them today include:

  • Clocks: Many traditional clocks, especially analog ones, use Roman numerals on their faces.
  • Movies and TV: Roman numerals are often used in movie sequels, like “Rocky II” or “Star Wars: Episode IV”.
  • Super Bowl: Every Super Bowl is numbered with Roman numerals (e.g., Super Bowl LV for Super Bowl 55).
  • Books and Legal Documents: Roman numerals are sometimes used to denote chapters or sections, especially in formal documents.
  • Monuments and Buildings: Some historic buildings or monuments use Roman numerals in their construction dates.

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Fun Facts About Roman Numerals

  1. The numeral “zero” doesn’t exist in Roman numerals: Ancient Romans had no concept of “zero,” so it wasn’t part of their numeral system.
  2. The highest number in Roman numerals: Technically, the Roman numeral system is designed for numbers up to 1,000 (M). Larger numbers were represented by placing a line over a numeral, which would multiply its value by 1,000.
  3. Roman numerals are still used in dates: For example, the year 2024 can be written as MMXXIV in Roman numerals.

Common Practice Questions

To solidify your understanding of Roman numerals, try the following practice questions:

  1. What is the Roman numeral for 57?
  • Answer: LVII
    • Breakdown: 50 (L) + 5 (V) + 2 (II).
  1. Convert the Roman numeral XLIX to a number.
  • Answer: 49
    • Breakdown: 50 (L) – 10 (X) + 1 (I) = 49.
  1. What is the Roman numeral for 76?
  • Answer: LXXVI
    • Breakdown: 50 (L) + 20 (XX) + 6 (VI).
  1. Write 88 as a Roman numeral.
  • Answer: LXXXVIII
    • Breakdown: 50 (L) + 30 (XXX) + 8 (VIII).
  1. How would you write 99 in Roman numerals?
  • Answer: XCIX
    • Breakdown: 100 (C) – 10 (X) + 1 (I) = 99.
  1. What number does CXLV represent?
  • Answer: 145
    • Breakdown: 100 (C) + 40 (XL) + 5 (V).
  1. Convert 36 to Roman numerals.
  • Answer: XXXVI
    • Breakdown: 30 (XXX) + 6 (VI).

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Conclusion

Understanding Roman numerals is not only a great way to learn more about ancient history and Roman culture but also a way to appreciate how these symbols are still used in modern times. From clocks to movies, Roman numerals continue to make their mark on the world today. With the basics of Roman numerals in hand, you can easily read and write numbers from 1 to 100 — and perhaps even beyond!

 

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